QSqlQuery ¶

函数 ¶

绑定值的途径 ¶

Below we present the same example using each of the four different binding approaches, as well as one example of binding values to a stored procedure.

Named binding using named placeholders:

query = QSqlQuery()
query.prepare("INSERT INTO person (id, forename, surname) "
              "VALUES (:id, :forename, :surname)")
query.bindValue(":id", 1001)
query.bindValue(":forename", "Bart")
query.bindValue(":surname", "Simpson")
query.exec_()
												

Positional binding using named placeholders:

query = QSqlQuery()
query.prepare("INSERT INTO person (id, forename, surname) "
              "VALUES (:id, :forename, :surname)")
query.bindValue(0, 1001)
query.bindValue(1, "Bart")
query.bindValue(2, "Simpson")
query.exec_()
												

Binding values using positional placeholders (version 1):

query = QSqlQuery()
query.prepare("INSERT INTO person (id, forename, surname) "
              "VALUES (?, ?, ?)")
query.bindValue(0, 1001)
query.bindValue(1, "Bart")
query.bindValue(2, "Simpson")
query.exec_()
												

Binding values using positional placeholders (version 2):

query = QSqlQuery()
query.prepare("INSERT INTO person (id, forename, surname) "
              "VALUES (?, ?, ?)")
query.addBindValue(1001)
query.addBindValue("Bart")
query.addBindValue("Simpson")
query.exec_()
												

Binding values to a stored procedure:

This code calls a stored procedure called AsciiToInt() , passing it a character through its in parameter, and taking its result in the out parameter.

query = QSqlQuery()
query.prepare("CALL AsciiToInt(?, ?)")
query.bindValue(0, "A")
query.bindValue(1, 0, QSql.Out)
query.exec_()
i = query.boundValue(1) # i is 65
												

Note that unbound parameters will retain their values.

Stored procedures that uses the return statement to return values, or return multiple result sets, are not fully supported. For specific details see SQL 数据库驱动程序 .

警告

You must load the SQL driver and open the connection before a QSqlQuery is created. Also, the connection must remain open while the query exists; otherwise, the behavior of QSqlQuery is undefined.

另请参阅

QSqlDatabase QSqlQueryModel QSqlTableModel QVariant

class QSqlQuery ( db ) ¶

QSqlQuery(r)

QSqlQuery(other)

QSqlQuery([query=””[, db=QSqlDatabase()]])

param query

unicode

param db

QSqlDatabase

param other

QSqlQuery

param r

QSqlResult

构造 QSqlQuery object using the database db 。若 db is invalid, the application’s default database will be used.

另请参阅

QSqlDatabase

构造 QSqlQuery object which uses the QSqlResult result to communicate with a database.

构造 QSqlQuery object using the SQL query and the database db 。若 db is not specified, or is invalid, the application’s default database is used. If query is not an empty string, it will be executed.

另请参阅

QSqlDatabase

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. BatchExecutionMode ¶

常量	描述
QSqlQuery.ValuesAsRows	Updates multiple rows. Treats every entry in a QVariantList as a value for updating the next row.
QSqlQuery.ValuesAsColumns	Updates a single row. Treats every entry in a QVariantList as a single value of an array type.

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. addBindValue ( val [ , type=QSql.In ] ) ¶

参数

• val – object

• type – ParamType

Adds the value val to the list of values when using positional value binding. The order of the calls determines which placeholder a value will be bound to in the prepared query. If paramType is Out or InOut , the placeholder will be overwritten with data from the database after the exec() 调用。

To bind a NULL value, use a null QVariant ; for example, use QVariant(QVariant::String) if you are binding a string.

另请参阅

bindValue() prepare() exec() boundValue() boundValues()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. at ( ) ¶

返回类型

int

Returns the current internal position of the query. The first record is at position zero. If the position is invalid, the function returns BeforeFirstRow or AfterLastRow , which are special negative values.

另请参阅

previous() next() first() last() seek() isActive() isValid()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. bindValue ( placeholder , val [ , type=QSql.In ] ) ¶

参数

• placeholder – unicode

• val – object

• type – ParamType

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. bindValue ( pos , val [ , type=QSql.In ] ) ¶

参数

• pos – int

• val – object

• type – ParamType

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. boundValue ( placeholder ) ¶

参数

placeholder – unicode

返回类型

object

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. boundValue ( pos ) ¶

参数

pos – int

返回类型

object

Returns the value for the placeholder at position pos .

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. boundValues ( ) ¶

返回类型

Returns a map of the bound values.

With named binding, the bound values can be examined in the following ways:

i = query.boundValues()
while i.hasNext():
    i.next()
    print i.key(), ": ", i.value()
												

With positional binding, the code becomes:

list_ = query.boundValues().values()
for item in list:
    print item
												

另请参阅

boundValue() bindValue() addBindValue()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. clear ( ) ¶

Clears the result set and releases any resources held by the query. Sets the query state to inactive. You should rarely if ever need to call this function.

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. driver ( ) ¶

返回类型

QSqlDriver

Returns the database driver associated with the query.

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. execBatch ( [ mode=ValuesAsRows ] ) ¶

参数

mode – BatchExecutionMode

返回类型

bool

Executes a previously prepared SQL query in a batch. All the bound parameters have to be lists of variants. If the database doesn’t support batch executions, the driver will simulate it using conventional exec() 调用。

返回 true if the query is executed successfully; otherwise returns false .

范例：

q = QSqlQuery()
q.prepare("insert into myTable values (?, ?)")
ints = [1, 2, 3, 4]
q.addBindValue(ints)
names = ["Harald", "Boris", "Trond", ""]
q.addBindValue(names)
if not q.execBatch():
    print q.lastError()
												

The example above inserts four new rows into myTable :

1  Harald
2  Boris
3  Trond
4  NULL
												

To bind NULL values, a null QVariant of the relevant type has to be added to the bound QVariantList ; for example, QVariant(QVariant::String) should be used if you are using strings.

注意

Every bound QVariantList must contain the same amount of variants.

注意

The type of the QVariants in a list must not change. For example, you cannot mix integer and string variants within a QVariantList .

mode parameter indicates how the bound QVariantList will be interpreted. If mode is ValuesAsRows , every variant within the QVariantList will be interpreted as a value for a new row. ValuesAsColumns is a special case for the Oracle driver. In this mode, every entry within a QVariantList will be interpreted as array-value for an IN or OUT value within a stored procedure. Note that this will only work if the IN or OUT value is a table-type consisting of only one column of a basic type, for example TYPE myType IS TABLE OF VARCHAR(64) INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;

另请参阅

prepare() bindValue() addBindValue()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. exec_ ( ) ¶

返回类型

bool

Executes a previously prepared SQL query. Returns true if the query executed successfully; otherwise returns false .

Note that the last error for this query is reset when is called.

另请参阅

prepare() bindValue() addBindValue() boundValue() boundValues()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. exec_ ( query ) ¶

参数

query – unicode

返回类型

bool

Executes the SQL in query 。返回 true and sets the query state to active if the query was successful; otherwise returns false 。 query string must use syntax appropriate for the SQL database being queried (for example, standard SQL).

After the query is executed, the query is positioned on an invalid record and must be navigated to a valid record before data values can be retrieved (for example, using next() ).

Note that the last error for this query is reset when exec() 被调用。

For SQLite, the query string can contain only one statement at a time. If more than one statement is given, the function returns false .

范例：

query = QSqlQuery()
query.exec_("INSERT INTO employee (id, name, salary) "
            "VALUES (1001, 'Thad Beaumont', 65000)")
												

另请参阅

isActive() isValid() next() previous() first() last() seek()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. executedQuery ( ) ¶

返回类型

unicode

Returns the last query that was successfully executed.

In most cases this function returns the same string as lastQuery() . If a prepared query with placeholders is executed on a DBMS that does not support it, the preparation of this query is emulated. The placeholders in the original query are replaced with their bound values to form a new query. This function returns the modified query. It is mostly useful for debugging purposes.

另请参阅

lastQuery()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. finish ( ) ¶

Instruct the database driver that no more data will be fetched from this query until it is re-executed. There is normally no need to call this function, but it may be helpful in order to free resources such as locks or cursors if you intend to re-use the query at a later time.

Sets the query to inactive. Bound values retain their values.

另请参阅

prepare() exec() isActive()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. first ( ) ¶

返回类型

bool

Retrieves the first record in the result, if available, and positions the query on the retrieved record. Note that the result must be in the active state and isSelect() must return true before calling this function or it will do nothing and return false. Returns true if successful. If unsuccessful the query position is set to an invalid position and false is returned.

另请参阅

next() previous() last() seek() at() isActive() isValid()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. isActive ( ) ¶

返回类型

bool

返回 true if the query is active . An active QSqlQuery is one that has been exec()'d successfully but not yet finished with. When you are finished with an active query, you can make the query inactive by calling finish() or clear() , or you can delete the QSqlQuery 实例。

注意

Of particular interest is an active query that is a SELECT statement. For some databases that support transactions, an active query that is a SELECT statement can cause a commit() 或 rollback() to fail, so before committing or rolling back, you should make your active SELECT statement query inactive using one of the ways listed above.

另请参阅

isSelect()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. isForwardOnly ( ) ¶

返回类型

bool

返回 true if you can only scroll forward through a result set; otherwise returns false .

另请参阅

setForwardOnly() next()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. isNull ( field ) ¶

参数

field – int

返回类型

bool

返回 true if the query is not active , the query is not positioned on a valid record, there is no such field ，或 field is null; otherwise false . Note that for some drivers, will not return accurate information until after an attempt is made to retrieve data.

另请参阅

isActive() isValid() value()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. isNull ( name ) ¶

参数

name – unicode

返回类型

bool

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. isSelect ( ) ¶

返回类型

bool

返回 true if the current query is a SELECT statement; otherwise returns false .

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. isValid ( ) ¶

返回类型

bool

返回 true if the query is currently positioned on a valid record; otherwise returns false .

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. last ( ) ¶

返回类型

bool

Retrieves the last record in the result, if available, and positions the query on the retrieved record. Note that the result must be in the active state and isSelect() must return true before calling this function or it will do nothing and return false. Returns true if successful. If unsuccessful the query position is set to an invalid position and false is returned.

另请参阅

next() previous() first() seek() at() isActive() isValid()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. lastError ( ) ¶

返回类型

QSqlError

Returns error information about the last error (if any) that occurred with this query.

另请参阅

QSqlError lastError()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. lastInsertId ( ) ¶

返回类型

object

Returns the object ID of the most recent inserted row if the database supports it. An invalid QVariant will be returned if the query did not insert any value or if the database does not report the id back. If more than one row was touched by the insert, the behavior is undefined.

For MySQL databases the row’s auto-increment field will be returned.

注意

For this function to work in PSQL, the table table must contain OIDs, which may not have been created by default. Check the default_with_oids configuration variable to be sure.

另请参阅

hasFeature()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. lastQuery ( ) ¶

返回类型

unicode

Returns the text of the current query being used, or an empty string if there is no current query text.

另请参阅

executedQuery()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. next ( ) ¶

返回类型

bool

Retrieves the next record in the result, if available, and positions the query on the retrieved record. Note that the result must be in the active state and isSelect() must return true before calling this function or it will do nothing and return false.

The following rules apply:

• If the result is currently located before the first record, e.g. immediately after a query is executed, an attempt is made to retrieve the first record.

• If the result is currently located after the last record, there is no change and false is returned.

• If the result is located somewhere in the middle, an attempt is made to retrieve the next record.

If the record could not be retrieved, the result is positioned after the last record and false is returned. If the record is successfully retrieved, true is returned.

另请参阅

previous() first() last() seek() at() isActive() isValid()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. nextResult ( ) ¶

返回类型

bool

Discards the current result set and navigates to the next if available.

Some databases are capable of returning multiple result sets for stored procedures or SQL batches (a query strings that contains multiple statements). If multiple result sets are available after executing a query this function can be used to navigate to the next result set(s).

If a new result set is available this function will return true. The query will be repositioned on an invalid record in the new result set and must be navigated to a valid record before data values can be retrieved. If a new result set isn’t available the function returns false and the query is set to inactive. In any case the old result set will be discarded.

When one of the statements is a non-select statement a count of affected rows may be available instead of a result set.

Note that some databases, i.e. Microsoft SQL Server, requires non-scrollable cursors when working with multiple result sets. Some databases may execute all statements at once while others may delay the execution until the result set is actually accessed, and some databases may have restrictions on which statements are allowed to be used in a SQL batch.

另请参阅

hasFeature() setForwardOnly() next() isSelect() numRowsAffected() isActive() lastError()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. numRowsAffected ( ) ¶

返回类型

int

Returns the number of rows affected by the result’s SQL statement, or -1 if it cannot be determined. Note that for SELECT statements, the value is undefined; use size() instead. If the query is not active , -1 is returned.

另请参阅

size() hasFeature()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. numericalPrecisionPolicy ( ) ¶

返回类型

NumericalPrecisionPolicy

Returns the current precision policy.

另请参阅

NumericalPrecisionPolicy setNumericalPrecisionPolicy()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. prepare ( query ) ¶

参数

query – unicode

返回类型

bool

Prepares the SQL query query for execution. Returns true if the query is prepared successfully; otherwise returns false .

The query may contain placeholders for binding values. Both Oracle style colon-name (e.g., :surname ), and ODBC style ( ? ) placeholders are supported; but they cannot be mixed in the same query. See the Detailed 描述 范例。

Portability notes: Some databases choose to delay preparing a query until it is executed the first time. In this case, preparing a syntactically wrong query succeeds, but every consecutive exec() will fail. When the database does not support named placeholders directly, the placeholder can only contain characters in the range [a-zA-Z0-9_].

For SQLite, the query string can contain only one statement at a time. If more than one statement is given, the function returns false .

范例：

query = QSqlQuery()
query.prepare("INSERT INTO person (id, forename, surname) "
              "VALUES (:id, :forename, :surname)")
query.bindValue(":id", 1001)
query.bindValue(":forename", "Bart")
query.bindValue(":surname", "Simpson")
query.exec_()
												

另请参阅

exec() bindValue() addBindValue()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. 上一 ( ) ¶

返回类型

bool

Retrieves the previous record in the result, if available, and positions the query on the retrieved record. Note that the result must be in the active state and isSelect() must return true before calling this function or it will do nothing and return false.

The following rules apply:

• If the result is currently located before the first record, there is no change and false is returned.

• If the result is currently located after the last record, an attempt is made to retrieve the last record.

• If the result is somewhere in the middle, an attempt is made to retrieve the previous record.

If the record could not be retrieved, the result is positioned before the first record and false is returned. If the record is successfully retrieved, true is returned.

另请参阅

next() first() last() seek() at() isActive() isValid()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. record ( ) ¶

返回类型

QSqlRecord

返回 QSqlRecord containing the field information for the current query. If the query points to a valid row ( isValid() returns true), the record is populated with the row’s values. An empty record is returned when there is no active query ( isActive() returns false).

To retrieve values from a query, value() should be used since its index-based lookup is faster.

In the following example, a SELECT * FROM query is executed. Since the order of the columns is not defined, indexOf() is used to obtain the index of a column.

q = QSqlQuery("select * from employees")
rec = q.record()
print "Number of columns: %d" % rec.count()
nameCol = rec.indexOf("name") # index of the field "name"
while q.next():
    print q.value(nameCol) # output all names
												

另请参阅

value()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. result ( ) ¶

返回类型

QSqlResult

Returns the result associated with the query.

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. seek ( i [ , relative=false ] ) ¶

参数

• i – int

• relative – bool

返回类型

bool

Retrieves the record at position index , if available, and positions the query on the retrieved record. The first record is at position 0. Note that the query must be in an active state and isSelect() must return true before calling this function.

若 relative is false (the default), the following rules apply:

• 若 index is negative, the result is positioned before the first record and false is returned.

• Otherwise, an attempt is made to move to the record at position index . If the record at position index could not be retrieved, the result is positioned after the last record and false is returned. If the record is successfully retrieved, true is returned.

若 relative is true, the following rules apply:

• If the result is currently located somewhere in the middle, and the relative offset index moves the result below zero, the result is positioned before the first record and false is returned.

• Otherwise, an attempt is made to move to the record index records ahead of the current record (or index records behind the current record if index is negative). If the record at offset index could not be retrieved, the result is positioned after the last record if index >= 0, (or before the first record if index is negative), and false is returned. If the record is successfully retrieved, true is returned.

另请参阅

next() previous() first() last() at() isActive() isValid()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. setForwardOnly ( forward ) ¶

参数

forward – bool

Sets forward only mode to forward 。若 forward is true, only next() and seek() with positive values, are allowed for navigating the results.

Forward only mode can be (depending on the driver) more memory efficient since results do not need to be cached. It will also improve performance on some databases. For this to be true, you must call setForwardOnly() before the query is prepared or executed. Note that the constructor that takes a query and a database may execute the query.

Forward only mode is off by default.

Setting forward only to false is a suggestion to the database engine, which has the final say on whether a result set is forward only or scrollable. isForwardOnly() will always return the correct status of the result set.

注意

Calling after execution of the query will result in unexpected results at best, and crashes at worst.

注意

To make sure the forward-only query completed successfully, the application should check lastError() for an error not only after executing the query, but also after navigating the query results.

警告

PostgreSQL: While navigating the query results in forward-only mode, do not execute any other SQL command on the same database connection. This will cause the query results to be lost.

另请参阅

isForwardOnly() next() seek() setForwardOnly()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. setNumericalPrecisionPolicy ( precisionPolicy ) ¶

参数

precisionPolicy – NumericalPrecisionPolicy

Instruct the database driver to return numerical values with a precision specified by precisionPolicy .

The Oracle driver, for example, can retrieve numerical values as strings to prevent the loss of precision. If high precision doesn’t matter, use this method to increase execution speed by bypassing string conversions.

Note: Drivers that don’t support fetching numerical values with low precision will ignore the precision policy. You can use hasFeature() to find out whether a driver supports this feature.

Note: Setting the precision policy doesn’t affect the currently active query. Call exec(QString) or prepare() in order to activate the policy.

另请参阅

NumericalPrecisionPolicy numericalPrecisionPolicy()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. size ( ) ¶

返回类型

int

Returns the size of the result (number of rows returned), or -1 if the size cannot be determined or if the database does not support reporting information about query sizes. Note that for non- SELECT statements ( isSelect() 返回 false ), will return -1. If the query is not active ( isActive() 返回 false ), -1 is returned.

To determine the number of rows affected by a non- SELECT statement, use numRowsAffected() .

另请参阅

isActive() numRowsAffected() hasFeature()

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. value ( name ) ¶

参数

name – unicode

返回类型

object

PySide2.QtSql.QSqlQuery. value ( i ) ¶

参数

i – int

返回类型

object

Returns the value of field index in the current record.

The fields are numbered from left to right using the text of the SELECT statement, e.g. in

SELECT forename, surname FROM people;
												

field 0 is forename and field 1 is surname . Using SELECT * is not recommended because the order of the fields in the query is undefined.

An invalid QVariant is returned if field index does not exist, if the query is inactive, or if the query is positioned on an invalid record.

另请参阅

previous() next() first() last() seek() isActive() isValid()